Heteroleptic dipyrrinato complexes containing 5-ferrocenyldipyrromethene and dithiocarbamates as coligands: selective chromogenic and redox probes

Inorg Chem. 2012 Aug 20;51(16):8916-30. doi: 10.1021/ic300900m. Epub 2012 Aug 7.

Abstract

Six heteroleptic dipyrrinato complexes [Ni(fcdpm)(dedtc)] (1), [Ni(fcdpm)(dipdtc)] (2), [Ni(fcdpm)(dbdtc)] (3), [Pd(fcdpm)(dedtc)] (4), [Pd(fcdpm)(dipdtc)] (5), and [Pd(fcdpm)(dbdtc)] (6) (fcdpm = 5-ferrocenyldipyrromethene; dedtc = diethyldithiocarbamate; dipdtc = diisopropyldithiocarbamate; dbdtc = dibutyldithiocarbamate) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and spectral (ESI-MS, IR, (1)H, (13)C NMR, UV-vis) and electrochemical studies. Crystal structures of 1, 2, 4, and 5 have been authenticated by X-ray single-crystal analyses. Nickel-based complexes 1-3 display selective chromogenic and redox sensing for Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) ions, while palladium complexes 4-6 display selective chromogenic and redox sensing only for Hg(2+). Electronic absorption, ESI-MS, and electrochemical studies indicated that sensing arises from interaction between 1-3 and Hg(2+)/Pb(2+) through sulfur of the coordinated dithiocarbamates, while it arises from the pyrrolic nitrogen of fcdpm and dithiocarbamate sulfur from 4-6 and Hg(2+). Different modes of binding between Ni and Pd complexes have further been supported by theoretical studies. The receptor-cation binding constants (K(a)) and stoichiometry between probes and Hg(2+)/Pb(2+) have been estimated by the Benesi-Hildebrand method and Job's plot analysis. Detection limits for 1-3 toward Hg(2+)/Pb(2+) and 4-6 for Hg(2+) have been found to be reasonably high.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cations, Divalent
  • Coordination Complexes / chemical synthesis*
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Electrochemical Techniques
  • Ferrous Compounds / chemistry*
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemical synthesis*
  • Kinetics
  • Lead / analysis
  • Ligands
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Mercury / analysis
  • Molecular Probes / chemical synthesis*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nickel / chemistry
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Palladium / chemistry
  • Thiocarbamates / chemistry*

Substances

  • Cations, Divalent
  • Coordination Complexes
  • Ferrous Compounds
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Probes
  • Thiocarbamates
  • Lead
  • Palladium
  • Nickel
  • Mercury