Periconceptional over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exposure and risk for spontaneous abortion

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the association between over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) exposure during the early first trimester and risk for spontaneous abortion (gestation before 20 weeks of gestation) in a prospective cohort.

Methods: Women were enrolled in the Right from the Start study (2004-2010). Exposure data regarding over-the-counter NSAID use from the last menstrual period (LMP) through the sixth week of pregnancy were obtained from intake and first-trimester interviews. Pregnancy outcomes were self-reported and verified by medical records. Gestational age was determined from the LMP. Stage of development before loss was determined from study ultrasonography. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between NSAID exposure and pregnancy outcome taking into account candidate confounders.

Results: Among 2,780 pregnancies, 367 women (13%) experienced a spontaneous abortion. NSAID exposure was reported by 1,185 (43%) women. NSAID exposure was not associated with spontaneous abortion risk in unadjusted models (hazard ratio [HR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-1.24) or models adjusted for maternal age (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.81-1.23).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that use of nonprescription over-the-counter NSAIDs in early pregnancy does not put women at increased risk of spontaneous abortion.

Figure 1. Cumulative probability of SAB when exposed to NSAIDs

Figure 1 shows the probability of miscarriage by NSAID exposure. Gestational age in weeks is provided on the X-axis and the Y-axis indicates the cumulative probability of a SAB. Those unexposed to NSAIDs are labeled with a circle and those exposed to NSAIDs are labeled with a diamond.