Change in health status (EQ-5D) over 5 years among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in the SHIELD longitudinal study

Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012 Aug 21:10:99. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-99.

Abstract

Background: Health-related quality of life studies among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, using the EQ-5D, have been short term and have not assessed change over years. This study assessed the change in health status and health-related quality of life over 5 years among individuals with and without diabetes.

Methods: Respondents to the US Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD) completed the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) at baseline (2004) and 5 years later (2009). Visual analog scale (VAS) score and health index score were computed at baseline and year 5, and the change over 5 years was measured for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and those without diabetes, and T2DM adults with and without diabetic complications. Linear regression models were used to determine change in EQ-5D score, controlling for age, gender, race, education, household income, and body mass index (BMI).

Results: There was significantly greater decline in the EQ-5D index score in the T2DM group (-0.031 [SD 0.158]), compared with those without diabetes (-0.016 [0.141], p = 0.001). Compared with respondents without diabetes, those with T2DM had a larger reduction in EQ-5D index score, after controlling for demographics (p = 0.001). EQ-5D VAS score declined over 5 years for both groups: -1.42 (18.1) for the T2DM group, and -0.63 (15.8) for the group without diabetes, but the between-group difference was not significant either before (p = 0.09) or after (p = 0.12), controlling for demographics. T2DM respondents with diabetic complications had a greater decline in EQ-5D scores than T2DM respondents without complications (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Over a 5-year period, health status of respondents with T2DM declined significantly compared with those with no diabetes, indicating that the burden of the disease has a long-term detrimental impact. This decline in health status is likely to impact utility scores (fewer quality-adjusted life years) for economic evaluations.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Body Mass Index
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / epidemiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
  • Diabetic Nephropathies / diagnosis
  • Diabetic Retinopathy / diagnosis
  • Female
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*
  • Health Status Indicators*
  • Humans
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pain Measurement / statistics & numerical data
  • Quality of Life*
  • Quality-Adjusted Life Years
  • Regression Analysis
  • Risk Factors
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Surveys and Questionnaires*
  • United States / epidemiology