Adverse cardiovascular outcomes of corticosteroid excess

Endocrinology. 2012 Nov;153(11):5137-42. doi: 10.1210/en.2012-1573. Epub 2012 Aug 23.

Abstract

Corticosteroid excess is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Patients with Cushings's syndrome, either caused by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid excess, and patients with primary aldosteronism have increased cardiovascular risk. The increase in risk is mediated partly by traditional cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and metabolic syndrome but also by other, less well-characterized mechanisms. Experimental and human studies have shown that target organ deterioration induced by aldosterone depends on concomitant high dietary salt intake. Key ongoing research questions that warrant further study by both clinical and experimental approaches include the following: 1) beyond inducing the metabolic syndrome, what are the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids are associated with excess cardiovascular risk, 2) what are the cellular pathways by which excessive mineralocorticoid receptor activation brings about cardiovascular and renal damage, and 3) why is salt critical in this process?

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / blood*
  • Animals
  • Cardiovascular System / physiopathology*
  • Cushing Syndrome / blood
  • Cushing Syndrome / complications*
  • Cushing Syndrome / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Hyperaldosteronism / blood
  • Hyperaldosteronism / complications*
  • Hyperaldosteronism / physiopathology
  • Hypertension / blood
  • Hypertension / etiology*
  • Hypertension / physiopathology
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones