Mental health problems are increasingly being recognized as one of the greatest challenges faced by correctional systems in the effective management of their populations. Over the past decade, the number of federally sentenced female offenders in Canada presenting with mental health problems has risen significantly, from 13% in 1996/1997 to 29% in 2008/2009 (Correctional Service of Canada, 2009a). This research used the screener version of the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule (C-DIS-IV; n = 88) to outline the mental health needs of federally sentenced females in Canada. Results provide evidence for extremely elevated rates for certain diagnoses and confirm substance dependence as a significant area of need in this sample. Moreover, alcohol dependence emerged as an area of particular concern for Aboriginal women. Furthermore, all individuals experiencing a lifetime substance dependence disorder have also suffered from an additional psychiatric diagnosis at some point in their lives; thereby highlighting the possible levels of concurrent disorders among this population. This research highlights the critical importance of comprehensive and ongoing mental health assessment, and treatment, for the successful management and reintegration of female offenders.