Enhancement of the antiproliferative activity of gemcitabine by modulation of c-Met pathway in pancreatic cancer

Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(5):940-50.

Abstract

Pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is amongst the most lethal malignancies, mainly because of its metastatic spread and multifactorial chemoresistance. Since c-Met is a marker of pancreatic-cancer-stem-cells (CSC), playing a key role in metastasis and chemoresistance, this study evaluated the therapeutic potential of the novel c-Met/ALK inhibitor crizotinib against PDAC cells, including the Capan-1-gemcitabine-resistant cells (Capan-1-R). Crizotinib inhibited PDAC cell-growth with IC50 of 1.5 μM in Capan-1-R, and synergistically enhanced the antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of gemcitabine, as detected by sulforhodamine-B-assay, flow cytometry and combination-index method. Capan-1-R had higher expression of the CSC markers CD44+/CD133+/CD326+, but their combined expression was significantly reduced by crizotinib, as detected by quantitative-RT-PCR and FACS-analysis. Similarly, Capan-1-R cells had significantly higher protein-expression of c-Met (≈2-fold), and increased migratory activity, which was reduced by crizotinib (e.g., > 50% reduction of cell-migration in Capan-1-R after 8-hour exposure, compared to untreated-cells), in association with reduced vimentin expression. Capan-1-R had also significantly higher mRNA expression of the gemcitabine catabolism-enzyme CDA, potentially explaining the higher CDA activity and statistically significant lower levels of gemcitabine-nucleotides in Capan-1-R compared to Capan-1, as detected by Liquid-chromatography-massspectrometry. Conversely, crizotinib significantly reduced CDA expression in both Capan-1 and Capan-1-R cells. In aggregate, these data show the ability of crizotinib to specifically target CSC-like-subpopulations, interfere with cell-proliferation, induce apoptosis, reduce migration and synergistically interact with gemcitabine, supporting further studies on this novel therapeutic approach for PDAC.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / pharmacology
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / drug therapy*
  • Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / pathology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Chromatography, Liquid / methods
  • Crizotinib
  • Deoxycytidine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Deoxycytidine / pharmacology
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
  • Drug Synergism
  • Gemcitabine
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Mass Spectrometry / methods
  • Neoplastic Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / metabolism
  • Pyrazoles / administration & dosage
  • Pyrazoles / pharmacology*
  • Pyridines / administration & dosage
  • Pyridines / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyrazoles
  • Pyridines
  • Deoxycytidine
  • Crizotinib
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met
  • Gemcitabine