Intrinsic endobronchial obstructions in children from Turkey: evaluation of 2,555 flexible bronchoscopic procedures

Abstract

Background: Endobronchial obstructions are rarely seen in children and are often misdiagnosed resulting in delay of definitive treatment. A variety of diseases can cause endobronchial obstructions in childhood, but data is limited as to the frequency, distribution and clinical characteristics of endobronchial obstructions diagnosed with flexible bronchoscopy (FB).

Objective: To document endobronchial obstructions detected by FB.

Methods: FB results from three pediatric pulmonology centers in Istanbul were evaluated.

Results: A total of 2,555 children underwent an FB procedure during the study period. Endobronchial obstructions were detected in 10% (n = 256) of the patients. Among FB in patients who had endobronchial obstructions, the four most common indications for bronchoscopy were persistent infiltrations (30%, n = 72), persistent wheezing (28%, n = 70), chronic cough (26%, n = 66) and atelectasis (23%, n = 59). The most common endobronchial obstructions detected in the patients were aspirated foreign bodies (35.9%, n = 92), endobronchial tuberculosis (31.6%, n = 81), mucous plugs occluding airway (16.7%, n = 43) and granulation scars (6%, n = 16). Other pathologies included hydatid cysts (n = 5), hemangiomas (n = 5), tumors (n = 5), submucosal nodules (n = 5) and polyps (n = 4). Endobronchial obstructions were most commonly located in the right bronchus (51%, n = 130) followed by the left bronchus (33%, n = 85), bilaterally (8%, n = 21) and trachea (8%, n = 20).

Conclusions: Endobronchial obstructions can be caused by a number of different diseases which require various medical or surgical treatments. In the presence of clinical or radiological findings suggesting an endobronchial obstruction, FB should be performed promptly.