Effect of deposition temperature on the structural and optical properties of chemically prepared nanocrystalline lead selenide thin films

Abstract

Nanocrystalline lead selenide (PbSe) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by a chemical bath deposition method, using sodium selenosulfate (Na(2)SeSO(3)) as a source of Se(2-) ions, and lead acetate as a source of Pb(2+) ions. Trisodium citrate (TSC) was used as a complexing agent. PbSe films were prepared at various deposition temperatures while the pH value was kept fixed at 11, and the effect on the resulting film properties was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical absorption studies. The structural parameters, such as the lattice constant (a), crystallite size (D), dislocation density (ρ) and microstrain (ε) were evaluated from the XRD spectra. It was found that average crystallite size, as calculated from Scherrer's formula, increased from 23 to 33 nm as the deposition temperature was varied from 303 to 343 K. The dislocation density and microstrain were found to vary inversely with the crystallite size, whereas the lattice constant was found to increase with an increase in crystallite size. The optical absorption spectra of the nanocrystalline PbSe films showed a blue shift, and the optical band gap (E(g)) was found to increase from 1.96 to 2.10 eV with the decrease in crystallite size.

Keywords: Nelson–Riley plot; chemical bath deposition; lattice parameter; lead selenide; optical absorption.

Figure 1

X-ray diffraction patterns of PbSe thin films prepared at different temperatures.

Figure 2

Variation of the average crystallite size of PbSe thin films with the deposition temperature.

Figure 3

Nelson–Riley plot for PbSe thin film prepared at 338 K.

Figure 4

Variation of (a) dislocation density and (b) microstrain with crystallite size of the PbSe thin films.

Figure 5

SEM micrograph of PbSe prepared at (a) 303 K (b) 338 K and (c) 343 K.

Figure 6

XRF spectra of PbSe prepared at 333 K.

Figure 7

(a) UV absorption spectra; (b) (αhν)² vs (hν) plots of PbSe thin films.

Figure 8

Variation of the band gap with crystallite size of PbSe thin films.