This article reviews the various clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A literature search was conducted via PubMed for publications related to dental applications of CBCT published between January 1998 and June 15, 2010. The search revealed a total of 540 articles, 129 of which were clinically relevant and analyzed in detail. A literature review demonstrated that CBCT has been utilized for oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, implantology, orthodontics, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, periodontics, and restorative and forensic dentistry. This literature review showed that the different indications for CBCT are governed by the needs of the specific dental discipline and the type of procedure performed.