CCVJ is not a simple rotor probe

J Phys Chem A. 2012 Nov 8;116(44):10786-92. doi: 10.1021/jp309019g. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

Abstract

The photochemistry of the rotor probe 9-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidine (CCVJ) was studied to elucidate a curious effect of fluid flow previously reported. The apparent sensitivity to fluid motion observed in CCVJ but not in the closely related molecule 9-(dicyanovinyl)julolidine (DCVJ) is found to be an indirect effect of a photoisomerization reaction. The results presented here demonstrate that it is this isomerization, rather than the commonly assumed TICT process, that confers viscosity-sensing ability on these fluorophores. In micromolar solutions in hydroxylic solvents CCVJ exists primarily in the carboxylate form. Only the E isomer of this anion is initially present in solutions prepared from the solid, but in room light such solutions rapidly achieve a photostationary state in which the E isomer and an essentially nonfluorescent Z isomer exist in comparable concentrations. The Z isomer is metastable in S(0) such that in the absence of light the solution reverts slowly to pure E. Unlike DCVJ where only a single isomer is possible, the production of long-lived photoproducts in CCVJ and other asymmetrically substituted styryenyl probes complicates their fluorescence response. Considerable care is needed when such fluorphores are used as steady-state sensors of environmental fluidity are used.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemical synthesis
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nitriles / chemical synthesis
  • Nitriles / chemistry*
  • Quinolizines / chemical synthesis
  • Quinolizines / chemistry*

Substances

  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Nitriles
  • Quinolizines
  • 9-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidine