Factors associated with specific clinical forms of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected Brazilian adults

Arch Oral Biol. 2013 Jun;58(6):657-63. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.10.007. Epub 2012 Nov 1.

Abstract

Objective: This study assesses the association among factors related with specific clinical forms of oral candidiasis (OC) in HIV-infected Brazilian adults.

Design: This study was conducted with 590 HIV-infected adults from 1997 to 2004. The OC diagnosis was based in accordance with the EC-Clearinghouse classification. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to measure the association between HAART and OC, with pseudomembranous [PC], erythematous [EC], and angular cheilitis [AC]) adjusted for HIV-related diseases, smoking, alcohol consumption, injecting and non-injecting drug use.

Results: Two hundred and eighteen (37.0%) individuals were undergoing HAART. The prevalence of PC, EC and AC was 21.2%, 15.7% and 8.8%, respectively. Approximately 64% of the individuals with PC and EC, and 76.5% with AC had absolute CD4 levels ≤200cells/mm(3). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that subjects not undergoing HAART had a significantly higher odds ratio for PC [OR 3.67 (95% CI: 1.97-6.80)] and EC [OR 1.88 (95% CI: 1.04-3.39)], and AC [OR 4.56 (95% CI: 1.58-13.19)]. In addition, smoking [OR 2.58 (95% CI: 1.43-4.68)] and pneumocystis pneumonia [OR 1.92 (95% CI: 1.07-3.42)] were associated with PC, while high alcohol consumption [OR 3.40 (95% CI: 1.13-10.18)] and cytomegalovirus infection [OR 2.34 (95% CI: 1.06-5.15)] were associated with EC.

Conclusion: The data indicates that the odds of having all clinical forms of OC are higher in HIV-infected adults not receiving HAART.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / diagnosis*
  • Adult
  • Alcohol Drinking
  • Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
  • Brazil
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count
  • Candidiasis, Oral / diagnosis*
  • Cheilitis / diagnosis
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Cytomegalovirus Infections / diagnosis
  • Educational Status
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / complications*
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Income
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / diagnosis
  • Sarcoma, Kaposi / diagnosis
  • Smoking
  • Substance Abuse, Intravenous / complications
  • Substance-Related Disorders / complications
  • Toxoplasmosis / diagnosis
  • Tuberculosis / diagnosis
  • Young Adult