Formation of triple-helical structures by the 3'-end sequences of MALAT1 and MENβ noncoding RNAs

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Nov 20;109(47):19202-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1217338109. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

Abstract

Stability of the long noncoding-polyadenylated nuclear (PAN) RNA from Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is conferred by an expression and nuclear retention element (ENE). The ENE protects PAN RNA from a rapid deadenylation-dependent decay pathway via formation of a triple helix between the U-rich internal loop of the ENE and the 3'-poly(A) tail. Because viruses borrow molecular mechanisms from their hosts, we searched highly abundant human long-noncoding RNAs and identified putative ENE-like structures in metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and multiple endocrine neoplasia-β (MENβ) RNAs. Unlike the PAN ENE, the U-rich internal loops of both predicted cellular ENEs are interrupted by G and C nucleotides and reside upstream of genomically encoded A-rich tracts. We confirmed the ability of MALAT1 and MENβ sequences containing the predicted ENE and A-rich tract to increase the levels of an intronless β-globin reporter RNA. UV thermal denaturation profiles at different pH values support formation of a triple-helical structure composed of multiple U•A-U base triples and a single C•G-C base triple. Additional analyses of the MALAT1 ENE revealed that robust stabilization activity requires an intact triple helix, strong stems at the duplex-triplex junctions, a G-C base pair flanking the triplex to mediate potential A-minor interactions, and the 3'-terminal A of the A-rich tract to form a blunt-ended triplex lacking unpaired nucleotides at the duplex-triplex junction. These examples of triple-helical, ENE-like structures in cellular noncoding RNAs, are unique.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Base Sequence
  • DNA Mutational Analysis
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation*
  • Nucleic Acid Denaturation
  • Nucleotides / genetics
  • RNA Stability / genetics
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / chemistry*
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / genetics*
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Transition Temperature

Substances

  • MALAT1 long non-coding RNA, human
  • Nucleotides
  • RNA, Long Noncoding