Sexually transmitted infections (STI), such as syphilis, gonorrhoea and infections caused by Chlamydia have been increasingly reported in Switzerland during the last decade. After having consistently decreased since the early 90s, reports of HIV infections were on the rise from 2000 to 2008. STIs are thus far from being controlled in Switzerland and their epidemiology has become more complex: different STIs circulate in different populations. The national program for HIV and STI 2011-2017 (PVNI) takes this challenge up and covers now the prevention, screening and treatment of all STIs. Primary care physicians, gynaecologists and specialists have an important role to play in provider initiated testing and counselling (PICT) and in the treatment of STIs.