Immune regulation of osteoclast function in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a critical interdisciplinary perspective
- PMID: 23136547
- PMCID: PMC3491443
- DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5180
Immune regulation of osteoclast function in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a critical interdisciplinary perspective
Abstract
Extensive studies on cross talk between immune and skeletal systems in autoimmune diseases give rise to a new discipline of 'osteoimmunology', which explores the molecular regulation of osteoclasts by immune system. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is recognized as a cytokine driven disease, but the mechanism that how estrogen deficiency interplaying with cytokines to stimulate bone loss remains to be elucidated. Although the effect of individual cytokines on osteoclast formation is well characterized, the major challenge is to fit a multitude of redundant pathways and cytokines into a systemic model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review presents current findings and hypothesis to explain estrogen deficiency-stimulated bone loss in a critical interdisciplinary perspective. To better understand the interaction between osteoclasts and immune system in postmenopausal osteoporosis, many of the lessons have been explored in animal models.
Keywords: cytokine; estrogen deficiency; osteoclast.; osteoimmunology.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.
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