The UGT1A1*28 variant has been associated with hyperbilirubinemia and atazanavir discontinuation. Protocol A5202 randomly assigned human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients to receive atazanavir/ritonavir (atazanavir/r) or efavirenz, with tenofovir/emtricitabine or abacavir/lamivudine. A total of 646 atazanavir/r recipients were evaluable for UGT1A1. Homozygosity for *28/*28 was present in 8% of whites, 24% of blacks, and 18% of Hispanics and was associated with increased bilirubin concentrations. There was an association between *28/*28 and increased atazanavir/r discontinuation among Hispanic participants (P = .005) but not among white or black participants (P = .79 and P = .46, respectively). The positive predictive value of 28*/28* for atazanavir/r discontinuation among Hispanic participants was only 32% (95% confidence interval, 16%-52%).