An adult male two-toed amphiuma (Amphiuma means) was evaluated for kyphosis and a self-inflicted ulcerative dermal lesion at the site of a midbody spinal deformity. Radiology revealed a proliferative bony lesion at the 39th vertebra. A dorsal laminectomy was performed to alleviate pressure on the spinal cord believed to be secondary to bone remodeling. Resolution of the scoliosis occurred at the surgical site, and the ulcerative lesion of the body wall healed. Three weeks postoperatively, the amphiuma resumed self-mutilation caudal to the surgery site. Euthanasia was elected. Necropsy revealed focal osteonecrosis and vertebral fractures at the laminectomy site with regionally extensive fibrosis, fibrin deposition, and focal spinal cord compression. Resolution of clinical signs suggests that surgical decompression of the spine was clinically successful short term, but the patient deteriorated for reasons possibly related, although not directly attributable, to the surgery.