DnaA binding locus datA promotes DnaA-ATP hydrolysis to enable cell cycle-coordinated replication initiation

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 15;110(3):936-41. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212070110. Epub 2012 Dec 31.

Abstract

The initiation of chromosomal DNA replication is rigidly regulated to ensure that it occurs in a cell cycle-coordinated manner. To ensure this in Escherichia coli, multiple systems regulate the activity of the replication initiator ATP-DnaA. The level of ATP-DnaA increases before initiation after which it drops via DnaA-ATP hydrolysis, yielding initiation-inactive ADP-DnaA. DnaA-ATP hydrolysis is crucial to regulation of initiation and mainly occurs by a replication-coupled feedback mechanism named RIDA (regulatory inactivation of DnaA). Here, we report a second DnaA-ATP hydrolysis system that occurs at the chromosomal site datA. This locus has been annotated as a reservoir for DnaA that binds many DnaA molecules in a manner dependent upon the nucleoid-associated factor IHF (integration host factor), resulting in repression of untimely initiations; however, there is no direct evidence for the binding of many DnaA molecules at this locus. We reveal that a complex consisting of datA and IHF promotes DnaA-ATP hydrolysis in a manner dependent on specific inter-DnaA interactions. Deletion of datA or the ihf gene increased ATP-DnaA levels to the maximal attainable levels in RIDA-defective cells. Cell-cycle analysis suggested that IHF binds to datA just after replication initiation at a time when RIDA is activated. We propose a model in which cell cycle-coordinated ATP-DnaA inactivation is regulated in a concerted manner by RIDA and datA.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
  • Bacterial Proteins / chemistry
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism*
  • Base Sequence
  • Binding Sites / genetics
  • Cell Cycle
  • Chromosomes, Bacterial / genetics
  • Chromosomes, Bacterial / metabolism
  • DNA Replication / genetics
  • DNA Replication / physiology*
  • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
  • DNA, Bacterial / metabolism*
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Escherichia coli / cytology
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism
  • Escherichia coli Proteins / chemistry
  • Escherichia coli Proteins / genetics
  • Escherichia coli Proteins / metabolism
  • Genes, Bacterial
  • Hydrolysis
  • Integration Host Factors / chemistry
  • Integration Host Factors / genetics
  • Integration Host Factors / metabolism
  • Models, Biological
  • Origin Recognition Complex / chemistry
  • Origin Recognition Complex / genetics
  • Origin Recognition Complex / metabolism
  • Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • DNA, Bacterial
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • DnaA protein, Bacteria
  • Escherichia coli Proteins
  • Integration Host Factors
  • OriC chromosomal replication origin
  • Origin Recognition Complex
  • integration host factor, E coli
  • Adenosine Triphosphate