The role of apolipoprotein A5 in obesity and the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) has an important role in lipid metabolism, specifically for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Recently, evidence has emerged for an association between genetic variability at the APOA5 locus and increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, its mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated. Importantly, an intracellular role of apoA5 has been indicated since apoA5 is associated with cytoplasmic lipid droplets and affects intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation, as well as affecting intravascular triglyceride metabolism. Given that adipocytes provide the largest storage depot for energy in the form of triglyceride within the lipid droplets, and play a crucial role in the development of obesity, we highlight recent findings discussing the interaction of apoA5 with adipocytes or adipose tissue, indicating that apoA5 may act as a novel regulator to modulate triglyceride storage in adipocytes. We review the association of APOA5 gene polymorphisms with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and propose potential mechanisms by which apoA5 may increase susceptibility to these conditions. This review provides new insights into the physiological role of apoA5 and identifies a potential therapeutic target for obesity and associated disorders.