Portal stenting for hepatocellular carcinoma extending into the portal vein in cirrhotic patients

J Surg Oncol. 2013 Jun;107(7):696-701. doi: 10.1002/jso.23306. Epub 2012 Dec 31.

Abstract

Background and aims: Macroscopic portal vein invasion complicating hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of cirrhosis is associated with a very low survival. To prevent the malignant progression from a portal branch to the main portal trunk, we have placed noncovered metallic stents extending from the portal trunk to the contralateral tumor free portal pedicle.

Methods: Fifty-Four patients (age: 60 ± 11 years) were treated. Thirty-four (60%) patients were Child A and 20 (40%) were Child B-C. Tumoral thrombosis involved 1st or 2nd order branches in 41 (82%) patients and partially the main trunk in 13 (24%). Open surgical insertion (via ileal vein) as an alternative to a percutaneous approach was used in 14 (24%) patients.

Results: Early mortality (<30 days) was 7%. Following stent insertion, a transarterial chemoembolization was performed in 26 (48%) patients. After stenting, overall survival at 6, 12, and 24 months were 47%, 44%, and 36%, respectively. Bilirubin > 30 µmol/L and open surgical insertion were predictive of short-term mortality. In the good group, overall survival at 6, 12, and 24 months were 69%, 61%, and 46%, respectively.

Conclusions: The transhepatic deployment of metallic stent seems to improve survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by portal vein tumoral thrombosis and could allow subsequent treatments.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / etiology
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / therapy*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Jaundice / etiology
  • Liver Cirrhosis / complications*
  • Liver Neoplasms / etiology
  • Liver Neoplasms / pathology
  • Liver Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplastic Cells, Circulating*
  • Portal Vein* / pathology
  • Stents*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vascular Patency