Laryngeal reflex apnea in neonates: effects of CO2 and the complex influence of hypoxia

Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013 Mar 1;186(1):109-13. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.01.004. Epub 2013 Jan 22.

Abstract

We have examined influence of hypocapnia, mild hypercapnia and hypoxia on the durations of fictive apnea and respiratory disruption elicited by injection of 0.1ml of water into the laryngeal lumen-the laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR)-in 20 unanesthetized, decerebrate, vagotomized piglets aged 4-10 days that were paralyzed and ventilated with a constant frequency and tidal volume. The LCR was enhanced by hypocapnia and attenuated by hypercapnia as reported by others. The responses to laryngeal stimulation during hypoxia were varied and complex: some animals showed abbreviated responses during the tachypnea of early hypoxia, followed after 10-15min by more prolonged apnea and respiratory disruption accompanying the reduction in ventilatory activity that commonly occurs during sustained hypoxia in neonates. We speculate that this later hypoxic enhancement of the LCR may be due to accumulation of adenosine in the brain stem.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Apnea / physiopathology*
  • Carbon Dioxide / pharmacology
  • Chemoreceptor Cells / physiology
  • Female
  • Hypercapnia / physiopathology
  • Hypocapnia / physiopathology
  • Hypoxia / physiopathology*
  • Larynx / drug effects
  • Larynx / physiology*
  • Male
  • Reflex / drug effects
  • Reflex / physiology*
  • Swine

Substances

  • Carbon Dioxide