Visceral adiposity and risk of coronary heart disease in relatively lean Chinese adults

Abstract

Background: The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (defined using both elevated waist circumference and triglycerides) and visceral adiposity index (VAI, defined using waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) have been suggested to be inexpensive yet effective markers of visceral (intra-abdominal) obesity and related dysmetabolic state. These markers may be particularly useful to Asian populations who generally have a low body weight but are prone to visceral adiposity.

Methods: We examined associations of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and VAI with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a nested case-control study conducted within two prospective cohort studies of Chinese adults. We identified 355 incident cases of CHD and 697 controls matched for sex, age, and date and time of baseline sample collection. Anthropometric and lipid measurements were performed and used to define the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and VAI according to published methods. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations.

Results: Cases had a higher prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and higher VAI score than controls in both sexes. Adjusted odds ratios of CHD associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist were 5.18 (95% CI, 2.46-10.9) and 4.63 (2.03-10.5) for women and men, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios of CHD comparing the highest vs. lowest quartile of VAI were 4.44 (95% CI, 2.24-8.82) and 4.23 (1.99-9.00) for women and men, respectively.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and high VAI score are associated with substantially elevated risk of CHD in Chinese men and women.

Keywords: Chinese; Heart disease; Visceral adiposity.