A cohort of 111 children from Bangui, Central African Republic, was followed for enteric campylobacter infection from birth until the age of 2 years. Stools were examined at each episode of diarrhoea, and bi-weekly up to the age of 6 months irrespective of the presence of diarrhoea. 349 episodes of diarrhoeal illness were recorded (1.6 per child-year). Campylobacters were isolated from 41 (11.7%) of the 349 episodes, but in half of them another enteric pathogen was also isolated. Campylobacters were statistically associated with diarrhoea only before the age of 6 months. Bi-weekly sampling up to this age detected 75 infections (1.3 per child-year), yet only 12 (16%) were associated with diarrhoea. Campylobacter coli was isolated slightly more often (51%) than C jejuni (49%); biotyping and serogrouping showed that no strain was especially associated with disease. Fewer children who had campylobacter infection before the age of 6 months suffered campylobacter diarrhoea between 6 and 24 months of age than those who did not, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. A significantly higher rate of isolation was found in the homes of infected children (human and animal contacts) than of non-infected children. Campylobacter infections were statistically associated with the presence of live poultry and the lack of piped water in homes.