In vitro survival of MCF-7 breast cancer cells following combined treatment with ionizing radiation and mitoxantrone-mediated photodynamic therapy

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of mitoxantrone (MX) as a sensitizer following combined treatment with ionizing radiation and photodynamic therapy in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cells were incubated with MX at different concentrations for 90min and exposed to different fluence rates of non-coherent light and different dose rates of ionizing X-ray radiation in independent treatment groups. Additionally, the combined effects of chemotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy were evaluated. The percent cell survival was investigated using the MTT assay. MX acted as both a photosensitizer and radiosensitizer. Furthermore, the use of 1μM MX in combination with PDT at 10J/Cm(2) and 4Gy of X-ray radiation strongly resulted in the death of cancer cells and reduced the percentage of viable cancer cells to 2.4±1.15. Our data demonstrated that the adverse effects of MX in combination with radiotherapy were partially abated, without a reduction in the efficacy of treatment. This new therapeutic avenue for breast cancer therapy merits further investigation using in vivo models for application in humans.