Diagnosis of familial Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome due to a paternal cryptic chromosomal rearrangement by conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques

Biomed Res Int. 2013:2013:209204. doi: 10.1155/2013/209204. Epub 2013 Feb 3.

Abstract

The use of conventional cytogenetic techniques in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays is necessary for the identification of cryptic rearrangements in the diagnosis of chromosomal syndromes. We report two siblings, a boy of 9 years and 9 months of age and his 7-years- and 5-month-old sister, with the classic Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) phenotype. Using high-resolution GTG- and NOR-banding karyotypes, as well as FISH analysis, we characterized a pure 4p deletion in both sibs and a balanced rearrangement in their father, consisting in an insertion of 4p material within a nucleolar organizing region of chromosome 15. Copy number variant (CNV) analysis using SNP arrays showed that both siblings have a similar size of 4p deletion (~6.5 Mb). Our results strongly support the need for conventional cytogenetic and FISH analysis, as well as high-density microarray mapping for the optimal characterization of the genetic imbalance in patients with WHS; parents must always be studied for recognizing cryptic balanced chromosomal rearrangements for an adequate genetic counseling.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Child
  • Chromosome Deletion
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 / genetics
  • Female
  • Humans
  • In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence*
  • Karyotyping*
  • Male
  • Mutagenesis, Insertional*
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*
  • Siblings*
  • Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome / genetics*
  • Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome / pathology

Supplementary concepts

  • Chromosome 15q, partial deletion