Introduction: Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome (RMS) is a rare form of severe insulin resistance due to a recessive mutation of the insulin receptor. Associated manifestations include facial dysmorphism, skin abnormalities, and renal anomalies.
Case presentation: We report a case of a 13 year old African female with RMS, severe insulin resistance, and a cluster of renal pathologies including nephromegaly, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and medullary sponge kidney.
Conclusion: This is the first case of severe insulin resistance associated with the collection of renal conditions described. We postulate that renal conditions present in RMS may be under recognised, and recommend screening for the above conditions. This case adds to the scarce body of literature of associated renal manifestations with RMS, including medullary sponge kidney, across the spectrum of insulin resistance.