One of the promising new techniques in the production of biomaterials is the electrospinning process, whereby fibers of uniform thickness down to the nanoscale can be produced from solutions of polymeric material in a high electric field. At the same time there has been increasing interest in the manufacture of biodegradable nanomaterials from nonfood sources and this has led to investigations into the use of proteins such as collagen, keratin, and fibroin. Explorations into the use of these proteins in the generation of mats suitable for filtration purposes or scaffolds with applications for tissue engineering form the subject of this review.