Purpose: NPC-1C is a chimeric immunoglobulin IgG1 developed from antigen tested in the Hollinshead tumor vaccine trials that recognizes an immunogenic MUC5AC-related tumor-associated antigen. In this article, we describe the pre-clinical characterization of this antibody that is currently being tested in human clinical trials.
Experimental design: The specificity of NPC-1C for pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines was tested by flow cytometry assays and immunohistochemical staining. Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity was measured using a tumor cell line lysis assay. Anti-tumor efficacy and biodistribution were assessed in nude mice bearing human pancreatic tumor xenografts.
Results: Human tumor cell binding measured by flow cytometry ranged from 52 to 94 % of cells stained positive with NPC-1C in three colorectal and one pancreatic cell lines, while IHC demonstrated staining of 43 % of colon cancers and 48 % of pancreatic cancer tissues, with little or no cross-reactivity of NPC-1C with normal colon or pancreas tissues. In vitro NPC-1C-mediated tumor cell killing occurred in a median of 44.5 % of four colorectal and three pancreatic tumor cell lines. In vivo anti-tumor efficacy in a human pancreatic CFPAC-1 tumor xenograft model was demonstrated with a twofold to threefold reduction in tumor growth in the NPC-1C-treated mice compared to saline and human IgG controls. Pharmacodynamic studies indicate NPC-1C localizes in antigen-positive tumors and has minimal uptake in normal mouse tissues.
Conclusions: NPC-1C, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that reacts with a MUC5AC-related antigen expressed by pancreatic and colorectal tumor tissues, has promising preclinical activity in pancreatic and colorectal adenocarcinoma.