Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate efficacy, safety, and visual outcomes of pneumatic displacement for submacular hemorrhages (SMHs) with or without tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
Methods: Sixty-eight eyes with fresh SMHs underwent pneumatic displacement. Thirty eyes received intravitreal injection of pure C3F8 gas alone and 38 eyes received gas with tPA (25 μg). The visual analog scale was used to evaluate displacement. The main outcome measures were the visual analog scale score and best-corrected visual acuity 1 month after treatment. The efficacy and safety of tPA were evaluated.
Results: The visual analog scale score was 4.9 ± 2.5 in the gas group and 5.9 ± 2.9 in the gas plus tPA group. Sixteen eyes (53.3%) in the gas group and 15 eyes (39.5%) in the gas plus tPA group had best-corrected visual acuity improvements. In the gas group, complications included retinal detachment (n = 1, 3.3%), vitreous opacity (n = 7, 23.3%), and rebleeding (n = 1, 3.3%). In the gas plus tPA group, vitreous opacity (n = 6, 15.8%) was the only complication. Overall, both groups had similar displacement of SMH, visual improvement, and complication rates at 1 month.
Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of pure C3F8 gas displaced SMHs and improved best-corrected visual acuity in eyes with SMHs. No adjuvant effect or adverse reactions of tPA were found.