Abstract
Haplogroup H dominates present-day Western European mitochondrial DNA variability (>40%), yet was less common (~19%) among Early Neolithic farmers (~5450 BC) and virtually absent in Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. Here we investigate this major component of the maternal population history of modern Europeans and sequence 39 complete haplogroup H mitochondrial genomes from ancient human remains. We then compare this 'real-time' genetic data with cultural changes taking place between the Early Neolithic (~5450 BC) and Bronze Age (~2200 BC) in Central Europe. Our results reveal that the current diversity and distribution of haplogroup H were largely established by the Mid Neolithic (~4000 BC), but with substantial genetic contributions from subsequent pan-European cultures such as the Bell Beakers expanding out of Iberia in the Late Neolithic (~2800 BC). Dated haplogroup H genomes allow us to reconstruct the recent evolutionary history of haplogroup H and reveal a mutation rate 45% higher than current estimates for human mitochondria.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Base Sequence
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Demography
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European Continental Ancestry Group / genetics*
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Evolution, Molecular
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Genetics, Population
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Genome, Human / genetics*
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Genome, Mitochondrial / genetics*
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Haplotypes / genetics*
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Humans
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Phylogeny*
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Principal Component Analysis
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Time Factors
Associated data
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