Cigarette smoking has a dose-dependent impact on progression of structural damage in the spine in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from the GErman SPondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (GESPIC)

Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Aug;72(8):1430-2. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-203148. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
No abstract available

Publication types

  • Letter
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Comorbidity
  • Disease Progression
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Female
  • Germany / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Smoking / adverse effects
  • Smoking / epidemiology*
  • Spine / drug effects
  • Spine / pathology*
  • Spondylitis, Ankylosing / epidemiology*
  • Spondylitis, Ankylosing / pathology
  • Tobacco Use Disorder / epidemiology*
  • Tobacco Use Disorder / pathology