Immunotoxicity of atrazine in Balb/c mice

J Environ Sci Health B. 2013;48(8):637-45. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2013.777308.

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the immunotoxicity of atrazine (ATZ) in male Balb/c mice. ATZ (175, 87.5, and 43.75 mg/kg bw/day) was administered by gavage method for 28 days. The following indexes were determined in various groups of mice: body and organ weight; antibody aggregation of serum hemolysin; proliferative response of splenocytes to ConA; delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH); natural killer cell activity; clearance of neutral red and nitric oxide (NO) release from peritoneal macrophages; apostosis and necrosis of splenocytes and thymocytes; cytokine production; and serum lysozyme. Results showed that cell-mediated, humoral immunity, and non-specific immune function in the high-dose ATZ group were suppressed; NO release and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)/interleukin-4 (IL-4) were also significantly decreased in the high-dose group. In the medium-dose group, the proliferation response and IFN-γ production was significantly decreased. In the low-dose group, the proliferation response was significantly decreased. Serum lysozyme was decreased in the ATZ-treated groups. The percentage of early apoptosis in thymocytes was increased significantly in high- and medium-dose ATZ groups. In conclusion, ATZ elicited an inhibitory effect on cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, and non-specific immune function of mice.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Atrazine / immunology*
  • Atrazine / toxicity*
  • Body Weight / drug effects
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
  • Herbicides / immunology
  • Herbicides / toxicity
  • Immunity, Humoral / drug effects
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism
  • Interleukin-4 / metabolism
  • Macrophages, Peritoneal / drug effects
  • Macrophages, Peritoneal / immunology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Muramidase / blood
  • Necrosis
  • Organ Size / drug effects
  • Spleen / drug effects
  • Spleen / immunology
  • Spleen / pathology
  • Thymocytes / drug effects
  • Thymocytes / pathology
  • Toxicity Tests, Acute / methods

Substances

  • Herbicides
  • Interleukin-4
  • Interferon-gamma
  • Muramidase
  • Atrazine