This review summarizes the results of long-term researches of the authors who studied the mechanisms of aging and the effectiveness of peptide bioregulators in preventing age-related diseases in laboratory animals. The data is provided on the evaluation of peptides effects which were produced using the most modern techniques in scientific institutions in Russia and abroad. The main attention is paid to the ability of peptide bioregulators to increase the life span and inhibit the carcinogenesis in animals.