Is there a "July effect" for head and neck cancer surgery?

Abstract

Objectives/hypothesis: A "July effect" of increased complications when new trainees begin residency has been reported widely by the media. We sought to determine the effect of admission month on in-hospital mortality, complications, length of hospitalization, and costs for patients undergoing head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgery.

Study design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 48,263 patients who underwent an ablative procedure for a malignant oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal neoplasm in 2005 to 2008 were analyzed using cross-tabulations and multivariate regression modeling.

Results: There were 3,812 cases admitted in July (8%). July admission was significantly associated with Medicaid (RRR 1.40, P = 0.011) or self-pay payor status (RRR 1.40, P = 0.022), medium hospital bed size (RRR 1.63, P = 0.033) and large hospital bed size (RRR 1.73, P = 0.013). There was no association between July admission and other patient or hospital demographic characteristics. Major procedures and comorbidity were significantly associated with in-hospital death, surgical and medical complications, length of hospitalization, and costs, but no association was found for July admission, July through September discharge, or teaching hospital status and short-term morbidity or mortality. Teaching hospitals and large hospital bed size were predictors of increased length of hospitalization and costs; and private, for profit hospitals were additionally associated with increased costs. No interaction between July admission and teaching hospitals was found for any of the outcome variables studied.

Conclusions: These data do not support evidence of a "July effect" or an increase in morbidity or mortality at teaching hospitals providing HNCA surgical care.

Keywords: July effect; Nationwide Inpatient Sample; complications; costs; neoplasm; surgery; teaching hospitals.