Hourly oral sodium chloride for the rapid and predictable treatment of hyponatremia

Clin Nephrol. 2014 Dec;82(6):397-401. doi: 10.5414/CN108014.

Abstract

Hypertonic NaCl is first-line therapy for acute, severe and symptomatic hyponatremia; however, its use is often restricted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A 35-year-old female inpatient with an optic chiasm glioma and ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus developed acute hyponatremia (sodium 122 mEq/l) perhaps coinciding with haloperidol treatment. The sum of her urinary sodium and potassium concentrations was markedly hypertonic vis-à-vis plasma; it was inferred that serum sodium concentration would continue to fall even in the complete absence of fluid intake. Intravenous (i.v.) 3% NaCl was recommended; however, a city-wide public health emergency precluded her transfer to the ICU. She was treated with hourly oral NaCl tablets in a dose calculated to deliver the equivalent of 0.5 ml/kg/h of 3% NaCl with an objective of increasing the serum sodium concentration by 6 mEq/l. She experienced a graded and predictable increase in serum sodium concentration. A slight overshoot to 129 mEq/l was rapidly corrected with 0.25 l of D5W, and she stabilized at 127 mEq/l. We conclude that hourly oral NaCl, in conjunction with careful monitoring of the serum sodium concentration, may provide an attractive alternative to i.v. 3% NaCl for selected patients with severe hyponatremia.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Adult
  • Anti-Anxiety Agents / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Haloperidol / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Hydrocephalus / therapy
  • Hyponatremia / drug therapy*
  • Optic Chiasm / pathology
  • Optic Nerve Glioma / complications
  • Potassium / blood
  • Sodium / blood
  • Sodium Chloride / administration & dosage
  • Sodium Chloride / therapeutic use*
  • Tablets
  • Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Substances

  • Anti-Anxiety Agents
  • Tablets
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Sodium
  • Haloperidol
  • Potassium