Adequate health services are critical to the success of efforts to maintain persons with mental retardation in the community, yet information concerning the health status of this population is in short supply. This paper presents the results of a survey of 333 mentally retarded persons randomly selected from a population of 1,333 such individuals living in community settings. Almost two-thirds had chronic conditions requiring medical intervention. The top five conditions in terms of prevalence were neurologic, ophthalmologic, dermatologic, psychiatric-emotional, and orthopedic. The majority of conditions were being managed appropriately in the community health system. A substantial proportion can be managed by primary care physicians with limited specialty involvement. For almost 60 percent of clients with conditions requiring home treatments on an ongoing basis, however, service gaps were identified. Other problems included the reluctance of some providers to accept Medicaid, and the inability of some clients to cooperate with medical examinations.