Abstract
Non-canonical cytoplasmic activities and signal transduction of retinoic acid (RA) expand RA's pleiotropic effects in coordinating the epigenome in embryonic stem cell (ESC). Examples include RA-bound cellular retinoic acid binding protein I, which activates ERK2. By engaging both cytosolic and nuclear mediators, RA can efficiently augment ESC's epigenome.
Keywords:
CRABPI; ERK; OCT4; TR2; embryonic stem cell; epigenetic; retinoic acid.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism
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Cytosol / metabolism
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Embryonic Stem Cells / cytology
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Embryonic Stem Cells / drug effects
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Embryonic Stem Cells / metabolism*
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Epigenesis, Genetic / drug effects*
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Humans
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / metabolism
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Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / metabolism
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Tretinoin / pharmacology*
Substances
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Octamer Transcription Factor-3
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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retinoic acid binding protein I, cellular
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Tretinoin
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1