Observational studies suggest that elective bilateral oophorectomy may do more harm than good. Removing the ovaries at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease should be approached with caution, especially for women younger than age 50. For women who choose oophorectomy, some evidence suggests that menopausal estrogen therapy may ameliorate some of the increased risk. An informed consent process covering the risks and benefits of both oophorectomy and ovarian conservation is important.