Gene engineering technology provides new methods for medical research. The application of transgenic animals and knock out animals makes it possible to study the biological characteristics of genes associated with some human diseases in vivo. Transgenic mice were first achieved in the early 1980s, while they were used extensively in the field of ophthalmology doing some research a few years later after that. Therefore, it can possibly be a new path to investigate the pathogenesis by establishing transgenic mouse model of candidate gene of high myopia.