Ethnopharmacological relevance: Sanguis draxonis (SD) is a kind of red resin obtained from the wood of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen (Dracaena cochinchinensis). It is a Chinese traditional herb that is prescribed for the handling of diabetic disorders, which is also supported by an array of scientific studies published in recent years. Although chemical constituents of this plant material have also been previously evaluated (Tang et al., 1995; Wei et al., 1998), it still remains poorly understood which constituent is the major contributor to its antidiabetic activities. Moreover, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying antidiabetic activities of SD. Flavonoids exist at a high level in SD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of total flavonoids from SD (SDF) in type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats.
Materials and methods: T2DM rats were induced by 4 weeks high-fat diet and a singular injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35mg/kg). Then T2DM rats were treated with SDF for 21 days, using normal saline as the negative control. For comparison, a standard antidiabetic drug, metformin (200mg/kg), was used as a positive control. Three weeks later, relative biochemical indexes were determined and histopathological examinations were performed to assess the antidiabetic activities of SDF.
Results: SDF not only exhibited a significant hypoglycemic activity, but also alleviated dyslipidemia, tissue steatosis, and oxidative stress associated with T2DM. Moreover, considerable pancreatic islet protecting effects could be observed after SDF treatment. Further investigations revealed a potential anti-inflammation activity of SDF by determining serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates both hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of SDF in T2DM rats, suggesting that flavonoids are the major active ingredients accounting for the antidiabetic activity of SD. Alleviating chronic inflammation responses and protecting pancreatic islets are possible mechanisms involved in the antidiabetic activity of SDF.
Keywords: C-reactive protein; CRP; D. cochinchinensis; Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen; Dyslipidemia; ELISA; FFA; Flavonoids; GSH; HDL-C; HE; IL-6; IR; ITT; Inflammation; LDL-C; MDA; OGTT; Oxidative stress; ROS; SD; SDF; SOD; STZ; T1DM; T2DM; TC; TG; TNF-α; Type 2 Diabetic mellitus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; free fatty acids; glutathione; hematoxylin-eosin; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; insulin resistance; insulin tolerance test; interleukin-6; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; malondialdehyde; oral glucose tolerance test; reactive oxygen species; sanguis draxonis; streptozotocin; superoxide dismutase; total cholesterol; total flavonoids from SD; triglycerides; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; type 1 Diabetes mellitus; type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
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