Three-dimensional normal human neural progenitor tissue-like assemblies: a model of persistent varicella-zoster virus infection

PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(8):e1003512. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003512. Epub 2013 Aug 1.

Abstract

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic human alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella upon primary infection, establishes latency in multiple ganglionic neurons, and can reactivate to cause zoster. Live attenuated VZV vaccines are available; however, they can also establish latent infections and reactivate. Studies of VZV latency have been limited to the analyses of human ganglia removed at autopsy, as the virus is strictly a human pathogen. Recently, terminally differentiated human neurons have received much attention as a means to study the interaction between VZV and human neurons; however, the short life-span of these cells in culture has limited their application. Herein, we describe the construction of a model of normal human neural progenitor cells (NHNP) in tissue-like assemblies (TLAs), which can be successfully maintained for at least 180 days in three-dimensional (3D) culture, and exhibit an expression profile similar to that of human trigeminal ganglia. Infection of NHNP TLAs with cell-free VZV resulted in a persistent infection that was maintained for three months, during which the virus genome remained stable. Immediate-early, early and late VZV genes were transcribed, and low-levels of infectious VZV were recurrently detected in the culture supernatant. Our data suggest that NHNP TLAs are an effective system to investigate long-term interactions of VZV with complex assemblies of human neuronal cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Chickenpox / metabolism*
  • Chickenpox / pathology
  • Female
  • Genes, Immediate-Early / physiology
  • Herpesvirus 3, Human / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Models, Biological*
  • Neural Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Neural Stem Cells / pathology
  • Neural Stem Cells / virology*
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Neurons / pathology
  • Neurons / virology
  • Time Factors
  • Transcription, Genetic / physiology
  • Virus Latency / physiology*