Physically developed and exploratory young infants contribute to their own long-term academic achievement

Psychol Sci. 2013 Oct;24(10):1906-17. doi: 10.1177/0956797613479974. Epub 2013 Aug 20.

Abstract

A developmental cascade defines a longitudinal relation in which one psychological characteristic uniquely affects another psychological characteristic later in time, separately from other intrapersonal and extrapersonal factors. Here, we report results of a large-scale (N = 374), normative, prospective, 14-year longitudinal, multivariate, multisource, controlled study of a developmental cascade from infant motor-exploratory competence at 5 months to adolescent academic achievement at 14 years, through conceptually related and age-appropriate measures of psychometric intelligence at 4 and 10 years and academic achievement at 10 years. This developmental cascade applied equally to girls and boys and was independent of children's behavioral adjustment and social competence; mothers' supportive caregiving, verbal intelligence, education, and parenting knowledge; and the material home environment. Infants who were more motorically mature and who explored more actively at 5 months of age achieved higher academic levels as 14-year-olds.

Keywords: academic achievement; adolescent development; cognitive development; infant development.

MeSH terms

  • Achievement*
  • Adolescent
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Child
  • Child Development*
  • Child, Preschool
  • Exploratory Behavior*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Intelligence*
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Motor Skills*
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Parenting
  • Prospective Studies
  • Social Class
  • Social Environment