Ulcer, gastric surgery and pancreatic cancer risk: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4)

Ann Oncol. 2013 Nov;24(11):2903-10. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt336. Epub 2013 Aug 22.

Abstract

Background: Peptic ulcer and its treatments have been associated to pancreatic cancer risk, although the evidence is inconsistent.

Methods: We pooled 10 case-control studies within the Pancreatic Cancer Case-control Consortium (PanC4), including 4717 pancreatic cancer cases and 9374 controls, and estimated summary odds ratios (OR) using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results: The OR for pancreatic cancer was 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-1.23] for history of ulcer (OR = 1.08 for gastric and 0.97 for duodenal ulcer). The association was stronger for a diagnosis within 2 years before cancer diagnosis (OR = 2.43 for peptic, 1.75 for gastric, and 1.98 for duodenal ulcer). The OR was 1.53 (95% CI 1.15-2.03) for history of gastrectomy; however, the excess risk was limited to a gastrectomy within 2 years before cancer diagnosis (OR = 6.18, 95% CI 1.82-20.96), while no significant increased risk was observed for longer time since gastrectomy. No associations were observed for pharmacological treatments for ulcer, such as antacids, H2-receptor antagonists, or proton-pump inhibitors.

Conclusions: This uniquely large collaborative study does not support the hypothesis that peptic ulcer and its treatment materially affect pancreatic cancer risk. The increased risk for short-term history of ulcer and gastrectomy suggests that any such association is due to increased cancer surveillance.

Keywords: anti-ulcer drugs; case–control study; gastrectomy; pancreatic cancer; peptic ulcer; pooled analysis.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Female
  • Gastrectomy / adverse effects
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / complications
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / epidemiology
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / pathology*
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / surgery
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Middle Aged
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / complications
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Risk Factors
  • Ulcer / complications
  • Ulcer / epidemiology
  • Ulcer / pathology*
  • Ulcer / surgery