Direct comparison of a genetically encoded sensor and small molecule indicator: implications for quantification of cytosolic Zn(2+)

ACS Chem Biol. 2013 Nov 15;8(11):2366-71. doi: 10.1021/cb4003859. Epub 2013 Sep 3.

Abstract

Fluorescent sensors are powerful tools for visualizing and quantifying molecules and ions in living cells. A variety of small molecule and genetically encoded sensors have been developed for studying intracellular Zn(2+) homeostasis and signaling, but no direct comparisons exist, making it challenging for researchers to identify the appropriate sensor for a given application. Here we directly compare the widely used small molecule probe FluoZin-3 and a genetically encoded sensor, ZapCY2. We demonstrate that, in contrast to FluoZin-3, ZapCY2 exhibits a well-defined cytosolic localization, provides estimates of Zn(2+) concentration with little variability, does not perturb cytosolic Zn(2+) levels, and exhibits rapid Zn(2+) response dynamics. ZapCY2 was used to measure Zn(2+) concentrations in 5 different cell types, revealing higher cytosolic Zn(2+) levels in prostate cancer cells compared to normal prostate cells (although the total zinc is reduced in prostate cancer cells), suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cytosol / chemistry*
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry*
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Luminescent Proteins / chemistry*
  • Luminescent Proteins / genetics
  • Polycyclic Compounds / chemistry*
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry*
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
  • Zinc / analysis
  • Zinc / chemistry*

Substances

  • FluoZin-3
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Luminescent Proteins
  • Polycyclic Compounds
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • ZapCY2 protein
  • Zinc