We investigated the epidemiology of different serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing bacteremic liver abscess (LA) using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). MLST and molecular typing were performed for 41 K1 (19 LA), 37 K2 (5 LA), and 33 non-K1/K2 (6 LA) isolates that were derived from a previous one-year K. pneumoniae bacteremia cohort. Capsular serotypes and rmpA of these isolates were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Among the 41 K1 isolates, 39 were ST23 and the remaining two isolates were ST23 single-locus variant. There were 11 STs among K2 isolates. ST65 was the most common (n = 10), followed by ST86, ST373, and ST375. Only ST65 (n = 3), ST373 (n = 1), and ST375 (n = 1) caused LA, and ST65 was a three-locus variant of ST23. For non-K1/K2 isolates, the ST types varied widely. ST218 (K57) was the most common type (n = 6, 18 %), and it was a single-locus variant of ST23 and caused two cases of LA. The existences of rmpA among serotypes varied (100 % for K1, 89 % for K2, and 55 % for non-K1/K2). For isolates causing LA, all of them were positive for rmpA. For non-K1/K2 isolates causing infections other than LA, the positivity of rmpA ranged from 0 % (biliary tree infection) to 67 % (pneumonia). In this one-year cohort, all K1 isolates were ST23 or its single-locus variants, but the composition of ST types among K2 isolates was quite variable. ST23 and its one- (ST1005 and ST218) and three-locus (ST65) variants comprised 80 % of isolates causing LA.