Abstract
The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Gelam honey in inflammation induced rats via NF-κB signalling pathway. Rats paw edema was induced by subplantar injection of 1% carrageenan into the right hind paw. Rats were pre-treated with Gelam honey at different doses (1 or 2 g/kg, p.o.) and NSAID Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.), in two time points (1 and 7 days). Our results showed that Gelam honey at both concentrations suppressed the gene expressions of NF-κB (p65 & p50) and IκBα in inflamed rats paw tissues. In addition, Gelam honey inhibited the nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB and decreased the cytosolic degradation of IκBα dose dependently in inflamed rats paw tissues. The immunohistochemical expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators COX-2 and TNF-α were also decreased in inflamed rats paw tissues when treated with Gelam honey. The results of our findings suggest that Gelam honey exhibits its inhibitory effects by attenuating NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and inhibiting IκBα degradation, with subsequent decrease of inflammatory mediators COX-2 and TNF-α.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
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Carrageenan
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
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Foot / pathology
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Honey*
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I-kappa B Proteins / genetics
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I-kappa B Proteins / metabolism
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Inflammation / chemically induced
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Inflammation / drug therapy
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Inflammation / metabolism
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Male
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NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
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NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / genetics
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NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / metabolism
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Protein Transport
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Rats
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Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Signal Transduction
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Transcription Factor RelA / genetics
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Transcription Factor RelA / metabolism*
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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I-kappa B Proteins
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NF-kappa B p50 Subunit
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Nfkbia protein, rat
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Rela protein, rat
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Transcription Factor RelA
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
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Carrageenan
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Ptgs2 protein, rat
Grants and funding
This research was supported financially by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, (FF-03-FRGS0039-2010) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fundamental Fund (FF-156-2010). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.