Ureteral stents are fraught with problems. A conditioning film attaches to the stent surface within hours of implantation; however, differences between stent types and their role in promoting encrustation and bacterial adhesion and colonization remain to be elucidated. The present work shows that the most common components do not differ between stent types or patients with the same indwelling stent, and contain components that may drive stent encrustation. Furthermore, unlike what was previously thought, the presence of a conditioning film does not increase bacterial adhesion and colonization of stents by uropathogens. Genitourinary cytokeratins are implicated in playing a significant role in conditioning film formation. Overall, stent biomaterial design to date has been unsuccessful in discovering an ideal coating to prevent encrustation and bacterial adhesion. This current study elucidates a more global understanding of urinary conditioning film components. It also supports specific focus on the importance of physical characteristics of the stent and how they can prevent encrustation and bacterial adhesion.