Prediction of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes using a genetic risk score

Diabetologia. 2013 Dec;56(12):2556-63. doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-3059-x. Epub 2013 Sep 22.

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of future development of type 2 diabetes. Recently, over 65 genetic variants have been confirmed to be associated with diabetes. We investigated whether this genetic information could improve the prediction of future diabetes in women with GDM.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study consisting of 395 women with GDM who were followed annually with an OGTT. A weighted genetic risk score (wGRS), consisting of 48 variants, was assessed for improving discrimination (C statistic) and risk reclassification (continuous net reclassification improvement [NRI] index) when added to clinical risk factors.

Results: Among the 395 women with GDM, 116 (29.4%) developed diabetes during a median follow-up period of 45 months. Women with GDM who went on to develop diabetes had a significantly higher wGRS than those who did not (9.36 ± 0.92 vs 8.78 ± 1.07; p < 1.56 × 10(-7)). In a complex clinical model adjusted for age, prepregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes, blood pressure, fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentration, the C statistic marginally improved from 0.741 without the wGRS to 0.775 with the wGRS (p = 0.015). The addition of the wGRS to the clinical model resulted in a modest improvement in reclassification (continuous NRI 0.430 [95% CI 0.218, 0.642]; p = 7.0 × 10(-5)).

Conclusions/interpretation: In women with GDM, who are at high risk of diabetes, the wGRS was significantly associated with the future development of diabetes. Furthermore, it improved prediction over clinical risk factors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Chromans / therapeutic use
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / genetics*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / physiopathology
  • Diabetes, Gestational / genetics*
  • Diabetes, Gestational / physiopathology
  • Disease Progression
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Glucose Tolerance Test
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Metformin / therapeutic use
  • Postpartum Period
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Pregnancy
  • Prospective Studies
  • Republic of Korea / epidemiology
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Risk Reduction Behavior
  • Thiazolidinediones / therapeutic use
  • Troglitazone

Substances

  • Chromans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Thiazolidinediones
  • Metformin
  • Troglitazone