The woodland and farmland soil nearby lead-zinc mine has been polluted seriously due to the mining. Bamboo forest of Phyllostachys edulis has high economic value and is distributed widely in China. The Phyllostachys edulis forest nearby lead-zinc mine was selected, and the distribution characteristics of main heavy metal Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in soil were studied. The result showed that the concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in bamboo rhizome zone reached 38.10-50.87, 92.24-137.75, 32.04-46.22 and 0.03-0.35 mg x kg(-1) respectively, which was lower than that in non-rhizome zone soil significantly. This result indicated that the distribution and concentration of heavy metals in soil were influenced partly by bamboo developed rhizome-root system and human frequent tending management. About the influence of distance from pollution source and slope position, the heavy metals content in soil showed a decreasing trend as the distance increased, and for most elements, the content in soil of the middle slope position was high, and was a little lower in upper slope position.