Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids are formed and detected in human plasma, cell membranes, and tissue, modulating metabolic as well as inflammatory signaling pathways. Here we discuss the mechanisms of nitro-fatty acid formation as well as their key chemical and biochemical properties. The electrophilic properties of nitro-fatty acids to activate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways are discussed in detail. A critical issue is the influence of nitroarachidonic acid on prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases, redirecting arachidonic acid metabolism and signaling. We also analyze in vivo data supporting nitro-fatty acids as promising pharmacological tools to prevent inflammatory diseases.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / chemistry
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / metabolism*
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Arachidonic Acid / metabolism*
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Fatty Acids / biosynthesis*
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Fatty Acids / chemistry
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Heme Oxygenase-1 / metabolism
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Humans
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NADPH Oxidases / metabolism
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / metabolism
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Nitric Oxide / metabolism*
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Nitro Compounds / chemistry
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Nitro Compounds / metabolism*
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / metabolism
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / physiology*
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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Fatty Acids
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NF-E2-Related Factor 2
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NF-kappa B
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Nitro Compounds
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
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Arachidonic Acid
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Nitric Oxide
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Heme Oxygenase-1
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
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NADPH Oxidases