Management of breast cancer in very young women

Abstract

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women age 40 and younger in developed countries, and although generally improving, survival rates for young women with breast cancer remain lower than for older women. Young women are more likely to develop more aggressive subtypes of breast cancer and previous research has suggested that young age is an independent risk factor for disease recurrence and death, and there may be unique biologic features of breast cancer that occurs in young women. Certainly, there are host differences biologically as well as psychosocially that affect the management of breast cancer and survivorship concerns for young women compared to older women. Multi-agent chemotherapy and biologic therapy targeting the tumor similar to the treatment in older women is standard, with careful attention to unique survivorship concerns including genetics, infertility, and psychosocial issues. Select young women will do well with hormone therapy only, although at present, the optimal hormonal therapy for very young women remains unclear. Recent data demonstrating that 10 years of tamoxifen improves outcomes compared to 5 may be particularly beneficial for young women with hormone receptor-positive tumors given the risk benefit profile. Future and ongoing studies focused on breast cancer in young women, addressing both biology as well as psychosocial issues, including supportive care interventions should improve outcomes for young women with breast cancer.

Keywords: Age; Breast cancer; Premenopausal; Young women.